Current Challenges in IoT
Large Scale of Co-Operation :
Global Heterogeneity :Large Scale of Co-Operation :
- The cooperation and coordination of millions of distributed devices are required on Internet
- Heterogeneous IoT devices and their subnets
- The difference configuration modes for IoT devices which come from unknown owners.
- Different processing logic's applied to same IoT networked devices or applications.
Interoperability is a characteristic of a product or system, whose interfaces are completely understood, to work with other products or systems, present or future, in either implementation or access, without any restrictions.
- Communicate meaning fully
- Exchange data or services
To fulfill the IoT objectives
- Physical objects can interact with any other physical objects and can share their information
- Any devices can communicate with other devices anytime from anywhere
- Machine to Machine communication (M2M) , Device to Device Communication (D2D), Device to Machine Communication (D2M)
- Seamless device integration with IoT network
Heterogeneity
- Different wireless communication protocols such as ZigBee(IEEE 802.15.4), Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1), GPRS, 6LowPAN, and Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
- Different wired communication protocols like Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) and Higher Layer LAN Protocols (IEEE 802.1)
- Different programming language used in computing systems and website such as JavaScript, JAVA, C, C++,Visual Basic, PHP, and Python
- Different hardware platforms such as Crossbow, NI, etc.
User Interoperability
- Interoperability problem between a user and a device
- Interoperability problem between two different devices
Example of Device and User Interoperability
- Using IoT, both A and B provide a real-time security service
- A is placed at delhi, India, while B is placed at Tokyo, Japan
- A,B, U use Hindi, Japanese, and English language , respectively
- User U wants real-time service of CCTV camera from the device A and B
User Interoperability
The following problems need to be solved
- Device identification and categorization for discovery
- Syntactic interoperability for device interaction
- Semantic interoperability for device interaction
- The interoperability between devices and device user in term of message formats
- The message format from a device to a user is understandable for the user's computer
- On the other hand, the message format from the user to the device is executable by the device
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