Contents of Arduino

Operators

Arithmetic Operators : =, +, -, *, /, %
Comparison Operator : ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
Boolean Operator : &&, ||, !
Bitwise Operator : &, |, ^, ~, <<, >>,
Compound Operator : ++, --, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, |=, &=

Control Statement

If statement

if(condition){

   Statements if the
   condition is true ;
   }

If... Else statement

If(condition) {

statement if the
condition is true ;
}
else{
Statements if the
condition is false;
}

If .... Elseif.....Else

If (condition1){

statements if the
condition1 is true;
}
else if (condition2){
   Statements if the
   condition1 is false
   and condition2 is true;
}
   else{
Statements if both the
   condition are false;
   }

Switch Case

Switch(choice)

       {
         case opt1: statement_1;break;
         case opt2: statement_2;break;
         case opt3: statement_3;break;
          .
          .
          .
          case default: statement_default; break;
        }

Conditional Operator.

Val=(condition)?(statement1):(Statement2)

Loops

For loop

for(initialize; condition;increment){

Statement till the condition is true;
}

While loop

while(condition){

Statement till the condition is true;
}

Do... While loop

Statement till the condition is true;
} while(condition);

Nested loop : Calling a loop inside another loop

Infinite loop : Condition of the loop is always true, the loop will never terminate

Arrays

Collection of elements having homogenous datatype that are stored in adjacent memory location.
The conventional starting index is 0.
Declaration of array :

<Datatype>array_name[size];
Ex: int arre[5];

Alternative Declaration:

int arre[]={0,1,2,3,4};
int arre[5]={0,1,2}

Multi-dimentional array Declaration :

<Datatype> array_name[n1] [n2] [n3]....;
Ex: int arre [row] [col] [height];

String

Array of characters with NULL as termination is termed as a String.

Declaration using Array:

char str[] = "ABCD";
char str[4];

str[0]='A'
str[0]='B'
str[0]='C'
str[0]='0'

Declaration using String Object:

String str="ABC"

Functions of String Object :

str.ToUpperCase() : change all the characters of str to upper case
str.replace(str1,str2) : is str1 is the sub string then it will be replaced by str2
str.length(): returns the length of the string without considering null